For larger lesions an open procedure is necessary to resurface the damaged cartilage defect. This is necessary to slow the progression of arthritis that can spread over the rest of the joint surface. Resurfacing may involve cartilage grafting from a donor graft that is obtained from a certified bone graft, this often is from a refrigerated graft that keeps the cartilage cells alive while the bone is screened for disease. There are several techniques that are used to replace the cartilage. This can involve a block graft or a series cylindrical plugs called mosaicplasty or OATS procedure. The cylindrical plugs use an apple-corer like instrument to create a socket in the patient and another tool to harvest a precise cylinder to match the socket size from the donor bone. The goal is to produce a smooth gliding articular surface of hyaline or hyaline-like cartilage in weight-bearing surfaces of the ankle. By restoring the cartilage surface, weight-bearing function can also be restored and the progression of advanced arthritis to the remaining joint can be slowed.
Dr Jeffrey Christensen at Ankle & Foot Clinics NW, has been a leader in education and training of surgeons regarding the techniques for cartilage resurfacing. He has lectured nationally and internationally on cartilage resurfacing and he has authored several publications on the topic. It requires great precision to match the contour of the joint so it can slow the progression of arthritis to the remaining joint.
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